The Department of Endocrinology, 
Expert Opinion on the Diagnosis and Management of Male Hypogonadism in India.
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
- Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana 141008, Punjab, India.
- Chellaram Diabetes Institute, Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India.
- Department of Endocrinology, St Johns Medical College, Bengaluru 560034, Karnataka, India.
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India.
- Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad 500095, Telangana, India.
- People's Medical College and Research Centre, Bhopal 462037, Madhya Pradesh, India.
- Department of Urology, Global Rainbow Hospita, l, Agra 282007, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Ida Scudder Road, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Dia Care, Ahmedabad 380015, Gujarat, India.
- Department of Medicine, Shilpa Medical Research Centre, Mumbai 400068, Maharashtra, India.
- Andrology Clinic, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
International journal of endocrinology Vol. 2023 · pp. 4408697
PMID 36876281 DOI 10.1155/2023/4408697
Cite This Article
Sanjay Kalra, Jubbin Jacob, A G Unnikrishnan, Ganapathi Bantwal, Abhay Sahoo, Rakesh Sahay, Sushil Jindal, Madhu Sudan Agrawal, Nitin Kapoor, Banshi Saboo, Mangesh Tiwaskar, Kapil Kochhar. Expert Opinion on the Diagnosis and Management of Male Hypogonadism in India. International journal of endocrinology. 2023;2023:4408697. doi:10.1155/2023/4408697
Abstract
Male hypogonadism (MH) is a clinical and biochemical syndrome caused by inadequate synthesis of testosterone. Untreated MH can result in long-term effects, including metabolic, musculoskeletal, mood-related, and reproductive dysfunction. Among Indian men above 40 years of age, the prevalence of MH is 20%-29%. Among men with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 20.7% are found to have hypogonadism. However, due to suboptimal patient-physician communication, MH remains heavily underdiagnosed. For patients with confirmed hypogonadism (either primary or secondary testicular failure), testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended. Although various formulations exist, optimal TRT remains a considerable challenge as patients often need individually tailored therapeutic strategies. Other challenges include the absence of standardized guidelines on MH for the Indian population, inadequate physician education on MH diagnosis and referral to endocrinologists, and a lack of patient awareness of the long-term effects of MH in relation to comorbidities. Five nationwide advisory board meetings were convened to garner expert opinions on diagnosis, investigations, and available treatment options for MH, as well as the need for a person-centered approach. Experts' opinions have been formulated into a consensus document with the aim of improving the screening, diagnosis, and therapy of men living with hypogonadism.
