On October 10, 2008, Dr. Lionel Gnanaraj, Medical Superintendent, inaugurated the new Bone Densitometry Unit (107) of the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and its latest addition, a Discovery QDR-DXA scan from Hologic, USA — a high-end model machine for determining the status of bones. In addition to analysing bone density, the machine can determine body composition and regional distribution of fat. It can also identify pre-existing fractures of the vertebrae.

Osteoporosis, or thin bones — a condition where bone density is low and, as a result, the risk of fracture is high — is more commonly observed in post-menopausal women (above 55 years) and men above 70 years, and in patients who are taking certain drugs such as corticosteroids. 50% of elderly women suffer from osteoporosis, a silent disease that can lead to fractures. Once a fracture occurs, mobility is reduced and the chances of a second fall are higher, adversely affecting the quality of life of the elderly. With a significant increase in the elderly population, preventing fractures and improving their quality of life has become a major health concern. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan can assess bone density — the total amount of calcium per unit of bone. Usually, DEXA scans of the lumbar spine, forearm and hip bones are done to determine bone mass. There are very few centres in India using DEXA scans. The new high-precision, high-resolution Hologic machine has provision for fracture risk assessment. Once the diagnosis is made, patients can be evaluated for secondary causes of osteoporosis and started on treatment, which includes correction of conditions that increase the risk of falls. Other measures include calcium and vitamin D supplementation and administering drugs such as bisphosphonates. Dr. Thomas V. Paul welcomed the gathering, and Dr. M.S. Seshadri, Head of Endocrinology, explained the various features of the new machine.