The Department of Endocrinology, 
Associations between Dietary Patterns and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors-A Longitudinal Analysis among High-Risk Individuals for Diabetes in Kerala, India.
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3053, Australia.
- Implementation Science Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- Imaging Research, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India.
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, India.
- Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health (NuPAF), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil.
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia.
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, India.
- Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada.
Nutrients Vol. 14 · Issue 3
PMID 35277021 DOI 10.3390/nu14030662
Cite This Article
Yingting Cao, Quan Huynh, Nitin Kapoor, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Gabrielli Thais de Mello, Brian Oldenburg, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish. Associations between Dietary Patterns and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors-A Longitudinal Analysis among High-Risk Individuals for Diabetes in Kerala, India. Nutrients. 2022;14(3). doi:10.3390/nu14030662
Abstract
The association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors is not well understood among adults in India, particularly among those at high risk for diabetes. For this study, we analyzed the data of 1007 participants (age 30-60 years) from baseline and year one and two follow-ups from the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program using multi-level mixed effects modelling. Dietary intake was measured using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Two dietary patterns were identified: a "snack-fruit" pattern (highly loaded with fats and oils, snacks, and fruits) and a "rice-meat-refined wheat" pattern (highly loaded with meat, rice, and refined wheat). The "snack-fruit" pattern was associated with increased triglycerides (mg/dL) (β = 6.76, 95% CI 2.63-10.89), while the "rice-meat-refined wheat" pattern was associated with elevated Hb1Ac (percentage) (β = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01, 0.07) and central obesity (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01, 1.34). These findings may help inform designing dietary interventions for the prevention of diabetes and improving cardiometabolic risk factors in high-diabetes-risk individuals in the Indian setting.
Keywords
- central obesity
- elevated Hb1Ac
- multi-level mixed effects modeling
- principal component analysis
